Journal: Immunity

Article Title: Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation

doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.004

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: NFATc3 ((IB) , Santa Cruz Biotechnology , Cat#8405; RRID: AB_628014.

Techniques: Virus, Isolation, Recombinant, Adjuvant, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Fluorsave, Extraction, Imaging, Transfection, cDNA Synthesis, SYBR Green Assay, Cytotoxicity Assay, Luminescence Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Multiplex Assay, Selection, In Vitro, In Vivo, shRNA, Software, Luminex

Journal: Clinical & Translational Immunology

Article Title: SARS‐CoV ‐2 triggers complement activation through interactions with heparan sulfate

doi: 10.1002/cti2.1413

Figure Lengend Snippet: SARS‐CoV‐2 activates the alternative pathway through interactions with heparan sulfate. Plasma C5a levels were assessed with an ELISA in SARS‐CoV‐2‐inoculated lepirudin‐anticoagulated human blood pretreated with various inhibitors and mimetics. These included inhibitors for (a) MASP1/2 (SFMI‐1 10 μ m ; Lectin Complement Pathway inhibitor ) and factor B (LNP023 10 μ m ; Alternative Complement Pathway inhibitor ) ( n = 5, two technical replicates); (b) heparan sulfate (EGCG 100 μ m ) and a mimetic for heparan sulfate (PG545 100 μg mL −1 ) ( n = 5, two technical replicates); (c) C3 (Compstatin 20 μ m ; global Complement Pathway inhibitor ) ( n = 3, three technical replicates) and (d) C5 (Eculizumab 100 μg mL −1 ; terminal Complement Pathway inhibitor ) ( n = 4, two technical replicates). SARS‐CoV‐2 was inoculated at MOI 1.0 for 24 h. Columns and whiskers depict mean values and SEM, respectively. MOI, multiplicity of infection; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, using a one‐way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Certain samples were pretreated with the following for 30 min at 37°C: SFMI‐1 (MASP1/2 inhibitor 10 μ m ; synthesised in house ), LNP023 (factor B inhibitor, 10 μ m ; AdooQ Bioscience, Irvine, CA, USA; #A18905), compstatin analogue (C3 inhibitor, 20 μ m ; Wuxi AppTec Ltd, Shanghai, China; #C15031904), eculizumab (C5 inhibitor, 100 μg mL −1 ; Ichorbio, Wantage, UK; #ICH4005), EGCG (heparan sulfate inhibitor, 100 μ m ; Sigma‐Aldrich; E4143‐50MG) or pixatimod/PG545 (heparan sulfate mimetic, 100 μg mL −1 ; synthesised in house ).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection